ABSTRACT
To introduce a technical modification in Posterior Sagittal Ano-rectoplasty [PSARP], commonly known as Pena's procedure, and to analyse the outcome of such modified procedure in terms of fecal continence and other relevant complications in children with ano-rectal malformations. It was a prospective and descriptive study, conducted at the department of pediatric surgery, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from January 2004 to December 2006. Forty patients were studied. All children of either sex with ano-rectal malformation who presented first to our department were included in our study excluding others treated some where else. Relevant investigations were performed in all patients. Diverting colonic or small bowel stoma was created in all patients at presentation to our department. The technique was performed at or after six months of age, depending upon the clinical condition of the patient. After discharge, all patients were examined and monitored in the out-patient department over a period of two years. Out of 40 patients 25[62.5%] were male and 15 [37.5%] were female age range from 6-12 months. On 35 [87.5%]. Isolated PSARP while on 5 [12.5%] patients modified PSARP with abdominal approach were performed. Anal stenosis was found in 3[7.50%] patients, rectal mucosal prolapse in 4[10%], faecal soiling and faecal incontinence in 17[43.58%] and 7[17.05%] patients were respectively. Faecal continence was good, fair and poor in 15[38.46%], 17[43.58%] and 7[17.94%] patients respectively. Our results of the present series suggest that this procedure is a valuable alternative to PSARP for the treatment of anorectal malformations
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to observe the morphological changes in vermal cerebellar cortex of young male rats with special reference to Purkinje cell after exposure to chronic immobilization stress. An experimental study. Department of Anatomy CPSP Regional Centre, Islamabad, from August 2006 to July 2007. Sixty young male Sprague Dawley rats were taken and divided equally in two groups [n=30 in each]. Group A=control. Group B=experimental. 'Experimental' group was kept in restrainer for 2 hours continuously, for 14 days, one rat per restrainer separately. At the end of the experiment, all the animals of both groups A and B were anesthetized and sacrificed for the removal of cerebellum. It was fixed in 10% formalin. To record data for histological evaluation, the vermal cerebellar cortex of a specified area was selected. It was processed and 5 um-thick sections were cut. Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections were examined under light microscope. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 10. Significant decrease in total cell count and cell size was found in experimental group as compared with controls. Number of dark cells was found more in stressed animals. Increase in thickness of vernal cerebellar cortex and molecular layer was observed in stressed animals as compared with controls. Chronic immobilization stress can affect the outcome of the cerebellar functions causing damage to the Purkinje cells as a result of cellular metabolic changes by an imbalance between the oxidant and anti oxidant status inside the brain
Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Restraint, Physical , Purkinje Cells , Microscopy, Polarization , Cell Count , Immobilization , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Chronic DiseaseABSTRACT
To know the presenting clinical features of intussusception in children up-to the age of twelve years. The study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, over a period of 18 months. A total of 71 patients with diagnosed intussusception were included. The relevant data, both pre-operative and postoperative, of children who were operated for intestinal obstruction and finally turned out to be suffering from intussusception, was fed into a pre-designed proforma and the information so obtained was analyzed according to objectives of the study. The common presenting features were colicky abdominal pain in 70 [98:59%] cases, vomiting in 67 [94.36%] cases, abdominal distension in 67 [94.36%] cases, constipation in 63 [88.73%] cases, bleeding per rectum in 61 [85.91%] cases, palpable mass per abdomen in 56 [78.87%] cases and fever in 18 [25.35%] cases. In 11 [15.49%] cases there was a mass palpable per digital rectal examination and 05 [07.04%] patients had diarrhoea on presentation. Colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distention, constipation, bleeding per rectum, palpable mass per abdomen are the commonest presenting clinical features of intussusception in children
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , ChildABSTRACT
To determine the pattern and causes of pediatric ocular trauma in Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. A cross sectional descriptive study Department of Ophthalmology, Khyber Institute of Ophthalmic Medical Sciences, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from January 1999 to June 2004. The medical records of 481 children aged upto 16 years who suffered ocular trauma were reviewed retrospectively. Age and gender distribution, nature and source of trauma, presentation and ocular features were analyzed. Pediatric ocular trauma constituted 43.5% of total traumatic ophthalmic admission. Four children were victims of bilateral trauma. Male to female ratio was 3.3:1.Twenty five percent children were below 5 years of age, 47.8% were between 5 to 10 years of age and 27.2% were between 10 to 16 years. About 51% injuries were of open globe type and 37.6% closed globe, superficial non perforating injuries, burns and adnexal pathologies were present in 11.3%. Domestic injuries were more common [47.2%]. At the time of admission 14.6% eyes were infected, 2.3% required evisceration or enucleation. Majority [67.3%] of the children presented late [one week later] to the hospital. Male children were affected more than female by trauma. Half of ocular trauma resulted in open globe injuries and almost 50% of cases were related to domestic injuries. Majority of cases presented late and were secondarily infected